![]() ![]() This review will demonstrate the applicability of paper-based assays for urine analysis and where they may fit into the commercial healthcare market. We then conclude by providing an overview of select biomarker research tailored towards urine diagnostics. Transitioning from fabrication to implementation, we present some of the clinically implemented urine assays and their importance in healthcare and clinical diagnosis, with a focus on paper-based microfluidic assays. Afterward, we discuss various fabrication techniques that have been recently developed for paper-based microfluidic devices. Next, we cover the current commercial rapid tests that exist and thereby demonstrate where paper-based microfluidic urine analysis devices may fit into the commercial market in the future. We then discuss what urine is and how paper functions as the substrate for urine analysis. First, we present important considerations for point-of-care diagnostic devices. Hence, we review the recent progress in the application of paper-based microfluidics to urine analysis as a solution to providing continuous health monitoring for proactive care. Moving past traditional glass- and polymer-based microfluidics, paper-based microfluidic devices possess the same diagnostic ability, with the added benefits of facile manufacturing, low-cost implementation, and disposability. Microfluidic devices have a proven record of being effective analytical devices, capable of controlling the flow of fluid samples, containing reaction and detection zones, and displaying results, all within a compact footprint. Unfortunately, the commercial rapid urine analysis tests that exist today can only go so far-this is where the promise of microfluidic devices lies. Urine has great promise for being a key resource for health monitoring unlike blood, it can be collected effortlessly on a daily basis without pain or the need for special equipment. A promising solution to this challenge is low-cost continuous health monitoring this approach allows for effective screening, analysis, and diagnosis and facilitates proactive medical intervention. Next-generation technologies will be the key to developing affordable and accessible care, while also lowering the costs of healthcare. However, this transition will only be made possible through scientific innovation. Several Objectives are associated with crafting and using an Atlas and can earn the Character XP.A transformation of the healthcare industry is necessary and imminent: hospital-centered, reactive care will soon give way to proactive, person-centered care which focuses on individuals' well-being. The Item combined wit the Atlas can be removed by using the Drop (X on PC) control when the Atlas is selected in the Inventory. Actual altitude or elevation of the resource is not shown. Note that only the relative density of the resource projected on the World surface is revealed in an Atlas.
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